Comparison of human genetic and sequence-based physical maps

Recombination is the exchange of information between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The rate of recombination per nucleotide, which profoundly affects the evolution of chromosomal segments, is calculated by comparing genetic and physical maps. Human physical maps have been constructed using cytogenetics, overlapping DNA clones and radiation hybrids; but the ultimate and by far the most accurate physical map is the actual nucleotide sequence. The completion of the draft human genomic sequence provides us with the best opportunity yet to compare the genetic and physical maps. Here we describe our estimates of female, male and sex-average recombination rates for about 60% of the genome. Recombination rates varied greatly along each chromosome, from 0 to at least 9 centiMorgans per megabase (cM Mb(-1)). Among several sequence and marker parameters tested, only relative marker position along the metacentric chromosomes in males correlated strongly with recombination rate. We identified several chromosomal regions up to 6 Mb in length with particularly low (deserts) or high (jungles) recombination rates. Linkage disequilibrium was much more common and extended for greater distances in the deserts than in the jungles.     

剪应力对压杆的影响

本文对压杆的稳定问题作了较全面的讨论。说明某种情况下压杆稳定应考虑剪切力的影响。     

Bojungbangdocktang inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor induced angiogenesis via blocking the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Oriental herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention or treatment of various diseases including cancer in Asia. However, to prove their chemo preventive efficacies in modern times, scientific evidence for those herbal medicines is required. Thus, in the present study, an effective herbal cocktail Bojungbangdocktang (BJBDT) was investigated to elucidate antiangiogenic mechanism in vitro and in vivo. BJBDT significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced proliferation in HUVECs at nontoxic concentrations, despite weak cytotoxicity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). BJBDT also significantly suppressed VEGF-induced migration and tube formation of HUVECs. Furthermore, BJBDT treatment resulted in pale color and low hemoglobin level in Matrigel plugs, as well as dark red color and high hemoglobin level in untreated control. Interestingly, BJBDT specifically inhibited the binding of VEGF to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), but not VEGFR1. In addition, friedelin, formononetin, ginsenoside Rb1, naringin, atractyloside, diosgenin, and allantonin were identified from BJBDT by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis as a quality of control. Taken together, these results suggest that BJBDT is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor blocking the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway in HUVECs. Supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation Grant from the Korean Government (Ministry of Science and Technology) (Grant No. R13-2007-019-00000-0)     

高层建筑中非结构构件的抗震性能试验分析

当前针对主体结构抗震性能的研究很多,但针对非结构构件抗震性能研究较少。为此,对高层建筑中非结构构件的抗震性能进行试验分析。利用统一建筑规范对非结构构件抗震计算进行规定,通过FEMA273、FEMA356依次对非结构构件性能与设计方法进行规定。选用楼面反应谱法对非结构构件抗震性能进行分析。将加速度看作调整核心,完成对加速度时程曲线振幅的调整,将其看作试验加速度波。地震波选用EL Centro-NS、Taft-NS与天津-NS地震波。通过ANSYS软件建立模型,获取不同楼层楼面反应谱,通过时程分析,采用ANSYS软件对吊顶抗震性能以及有无设置45°悬吊线吊顶抗震性能进行分析。通过非结构构件模拟器进行浮放设备抗震性能试验分析。依据试验得出以下结论：楼层越高,吊顶和浮放设备越容易在地震作用下被损坏;设置45°悬吊线能够有效提高抗震性能。     

川南地区阳新统气藏异常高压形成转化和预测、

本文基于自然流体压裂成藏机理和岩体力学,紧密结合川南阳新统气截基本特征,探讨异常高压形成和转化机理,进而建立定量预测气层异常高压物理一数学镬型.经矿场实际资并验证,气层压力预测值绝对误差一般小于2.0MPa,相对误差一般小于5.0%.     

Mitochondrial permeability transition in cardiac ischemia–reperfusion: whether cyclophilin D is a viable target for cardioprotection?

Growing number of studies provide strong evidence that the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), a non-selective channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac ischemia–reperfusion and can be targeted to attenuate reperfusion-induced damage to the myocardium. The molecular identity of the PTP remains unknown and cyclophilin D is the only protein commonly accepted as a major regulator of the PTP opening. Therefore, cyclophilin D is an attractive target for pharmacological or genetic therapies to reduce ischemia–reperfusion injury in various animal models and humans. Most animal studies demonstrated cardioprotective effects of PTP inhibition; however, a recent large clinical trial conducted by international groups demonstrated that cyclosporine A, a cyclophilin D inhibitor, failed to protect the heart in patients with myocardial infarction. These studies, among others, raise the question of whether cyclophilin D, which plays an important physiological role in the regulation of cell metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics, is a viable target for cardioprotection. This review discusses previous studies to provide comprehensive information on the physiological role of cyclophilin D as well as PTP opening in the cell that can be taken into consideration for the development of new PTP inhibitors.     

PINK1 stimulates interleukin-1β-mediated inflammatory signaling via the positive regulation of TRAF6 and TAK1

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The cause of neuronal death in PD is largely unknown, but several genetic loci, including PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), have been linked to early onset autosomal recessive forms of familial PD. PINK1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase, which phosphorylates several substrates and consequently leads to cell protection against apoptosis induced by various stresses. In addition, research has shown that inflammation largely contributes to the pathogenesis of PD, but the functional link between PINK1 and PD-linked neuroinflammation remains poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the functional role of PINK1 in interleukin (IL)-1β-mediated inflammatory signaling. We show that PINK1 specifically binds to TRAF6 and TAK1, and facilitates the autodimerization and autoubiquitination of TRAF6. PINK1 also enhances the association between TRAF6 and TAK1, phosphorylates TAK1, and stimulates polyubiquitination of TAK1. Furthermore, PINK1 leads to the potentiation of IL-1β-mediated NF-κB activity and cytokine production. These findings suggest that PINK1 positively regulates two key molecules, TRAF6 and TAK1, in the IL-1β-mediated signaling pathway, consequently up-regulating their downstream inflammatory events.     

Integration of cytogenetic landmarks into the draft sequence of the human genome

We have placed 7,600 cytogenetically defined landmarks on the draft sequence of the human genome to help with the characterization of genes altered by gross chromosomal aberrations that cause human disease. The landmarks are large-insert clones mapped to chromosome bands by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Each clone contains a sequence tag that is positioned on the genomic sequence. This genome-wide set of sequence-anchored clones allows structural and functional analyses of the genome. This resource represents the first comprehensive integration of cytogenetic, radiation hybrid, linkage and sequence maps of the human genome; provides an independent validation of the sequence map and framework for contig order and orientation; surveys the genome for large-scale duplications, which are likely to require special attention during sequence assembly; and allows a stringent assessment of sequence differences between the dark and light bands of chromosomes. It also provides insight into large-scale chromatin structure and the evolution of chromosomes and gene families and will accelerate our understanding of the molecular bases of human disease and cancer.     

Ce-Co-Cu-Fe稀土永磁合金的研制

本文通过研究Cu含量、Fe含量、Co含量和其它工艺参数对Ce-Co-Cu-Fe稀土永磁合金磁性能的影响,制备出了Br≥6000GS,_bHc≥4000Oe,(BH)_m=8～12MGOe的高磁性能稀土永磁合金.     

环形加热法熔体温度场的实验和理论研究

在直径为０．２ｍｍ铂丝构成的圆环形坩埚内，通过电流加热，在环圈内形成厚度为０．２ｍｍ的圆形ＫＮｂＯ３溶液，实验测量了熔液内温度场和流体速度场。该文应用一维重力对流和扩散模型，对温度场的分布进行了理论分析。